As
a burnout researcher, I sometimes worry that we’re becoming numb to
just how serious this workplace syndrome actually is. Not only is the
sheer number of people experiencing burnout
higher than ever, recent evidence shows that burnout is affecting workers at
younger ages — and its effects are more debilitating. The latest
Stress in America
survey reveals that 67% of adults ages 18 to 34 say stress makes it
difficult for them to focus, 58% describe their daily stress as
“completely overwhelming,” and nearly half report that most days their
stress is so bad they’re unable to function.
Regardless
of age, burnout remains an urgent concern. Employees who are suffering
from it — a syndrome characterized by exhaustion, negativity or cynicism
toward one’s job, and underperformance — are
more likely
to experience sleep disturbances, cardiovascular disease,
gastrointestinal issues, depression, absenteeism, and job
dissatisfaction. Meanwhile, burned-out workers are more likely to make
errors and less likely to be innovative and productive.
Gallup
estimates that low employee engagement (a hallmark of burnout) costs
the global economy $8.8 trillion, or 9% of the global gross domestic
product.
Perhaps most shocking of all is that so little of this actually
is shocking. From the 40% of Gen Z workers who believe burnout is an
inevitable part of success, to executives who believe
high-pressure,
“trial-by-fire” assignments are a required rite of passage, to toxic
hustle culture that pushes busyness as a badge of honor, too many of us
now
expect to feel overwhelmed, over-stressed, and eventually burned out at work.
In my book
Burnout Immunity,
I describe how burnout can sometimes sneak up on us so gradually we
don’t realize we’ve entered a danger zone until we get sick, our
motivation vanishes, or our performance plummets. I believe a similar
mechanism is occurring on a larger scale, across work cultures and even
societies. Slowly but steadily, while we’ve been preoccupied with trying
to meet demands that outstrip our resources, grappling with unfair
treatment, or watching our working hours encroach upon our downtime,
burnout has become the new baseline in many work environments.
The Sweet Spot of Stress
Because
burnout is caused by prolonged exposure to stressful workplace
conditions, fully eliminating it calls for systemic changes to
organizational conditions and cultures. That said, there are measures
individual workers can take to help protect themselves, and to begin
moving their personal baseline back to a healthy starting point. One of
the best ways I’ve found is to learn to maximize our time within what’s
known as the window of tolerance — or what I’ve come to refer to as the
sweet spot of stress.
The
window of tolerance concept was first developed by neurobiologist and
clinical professor of psychiatry Dr. Dan Siegel to describe an “
optimal zone of arousal”
within which we can best process and respond to the demands of everyday
life. When we’re within our window of tolerance, we are neither
hyper-aroused (i.e., overstimulated, too stressed, or anxious) or
hypo-aroused (i.e., understimulated, withdrawn, or shut down). In this
“sweet spot” between too revved up and not challenged enough, we have
access to our executive functioning skills, which enable us to plan and
organize, regulate our emotions, and manage our time and priorities.
This optimal state, psychotherapist Linda Graham explains, is our
natural,
baseline state
of physiological functioning, when we’re “grounded and centered,
neither overreacting to other people or life events nor failing to act
at all.”
What
Siegel and Graham are describing is a place of regulation and
equilibrium: We are calm yet engaged, relaxed yet fully alert. This is
the middle ground we’re aiming for — the “sweet spot” where we’re
experiencing just enough stress that we feel energized and attentive,
but not so much that we feel overwhelmed and ineffective. Low to
moderate levels of
perceived stress (the degree to which a person appraises events in their life to be stressful) have been found to
enhance
working memory and cognitive function, but once a person crosses the
threshold into high stress, their ability to remember, concentrate, and
learn new things begins to
decline.
This is the point when stress becomes toxic, which leaves us vulnerable
to a host of physical, mental, and occupational woes, including
burnout. Anytime we’re operating from within the sweet spot of stress,
however, where we have the optimal level of stimulation, we are
reestablishing a healthy baseline, and we are optimally positioned for
our best health, thinking, learning, and performance.
It’s
important to remember that everyone’s sweet spot of stress is
different, as each of us has different thresholds for what we find
stressful and draining and what we need to feel motivated and effective.
How do you know when you’re no longer within your personal sweet spot
of stress? Sometimes it’s obvious, but toxic stress can show up in a
variety of ways, some of them not as well known.
Your
body could let you know, for example, in the form of muscle tension,
headaches, insomnia, stomach upset, shortness of breath, an elevated
heart rate, or falling ill more often. Your brain could tell you in the
form of anxiety, negativity, apathy, trouble focusing, or feeling out of
control. Your moods could alert you through irritation, impatience,
defensiveness, or becoming more quarrelsome. Your behavior could tell
you in the form of poor decisions, disengagement, missed deadlines,
avoidance, making more mistakes, or quiet or actual quitting. Being out
of your sweet spot of stress can even show up in your language. If you
find yourself frequently using words such as exhausted, defeated,
demoralized, numb, overwhelmed, overloaded, or stuck to describe how you
feel at work, you’re likely in the distress zone and at risk of burning
out.
Reestablishing a Healthy Baseline
When
pressures are mounting and your work environment continues to be
stressful, it’s all the more important to take proactive steps to return
to your personal sweet spot of stress and remain there as long as you
can. Here are some techniques that work.
1. Identify the conditions that keep you in your sweet spot of stress.
Think
back to the last time you felt calm, regulated, and fully engaged in
what you were doing. Make an inventory of the conditions that enabled
you to get to and maintain that state. For most people, “the basics”
will always make the list: sufficient sleep, healthy, nutritious meals,
some sort of physical activity.
From
there, list any of the supports or resources you would need to stay
within your personal sweet spot, and think about the triggers that would
push you into the distress zone so you can do your best to avoid them.
For example, before any big meeting, one of my study participants
reserves the conference room a half hour early so she can get fully
prepared and feel comfortable in the space, and she avoids caffeine
because she knows it will make her jittery and anxious. These simple
techniques keep her within her sweet spot of stress as she leads the
meeting.
What’s
on your list? Asking for help or feedback, calling a friend for a pep
talk, engaging in regular exercise, planning ahead, and regularly
connecting with people who uplift you are all good options. The list
will be different for everyone, but knowing what ushers you into your
sweet spot (as well as what will push you out of it) will help you
remain there as long as possible.
2. Use emotional regulation strategies.
Emotional
regulation allows us to manage our emotions in such a way that we
remain effective and in control, even in the midst of high-stress
situations. One of the best ways to get better at this invaluable life
skill is to start practicing it while you’re still in a calm, regulated
state. Regular mindfulness meditation, where you simply note your
thoughts and feelings without judgment as they arise, enables you to
become less reactive and dysregulated when high stress or other big
emotions arrive.
You can also begin shifting your mindset by adopting the
challenge response
to stress: Assure yourself that whatever stressor you’ll face is a
problem that can be solved, and that any of the physiological responses
associated with high stress — elevated heart rate and a boost of
adrenaline, for instance — are the sources of extra energy and
excitement you’ll need to solve the problem. When you’re dysregulated,
deep breathing works quickly to help calm a hyper-aroused nervous
system, and pausing to
label your emotions decreases their intensity and duration, ushering you back into a state of regulation.
3. Prioritize work recovery and make it a habit.
Instead
of treating time away from work as a last resort only after you’re
overwhelmed and exhausted, take a cue from professional athletes and
give yourself regular “doses” of
work recovery. Researchers
have found
that we need to fully detach from the demands of work on a regular
basis in order to unwind, recharge, and recover from workplace stress.
Remember,
it’s ongoing, unrelenting stress that leads to burnout. When we
deliberately interrupt the stress cycle, stress doesn’t have a chance to
become chronic and burnout can’t take hold. Even
“micro-breaks” taken throughout the workday
— five or 10 minutes to take a walk, have a social chat, or stretch,
for instance — have been shown to be effective in lowering stress.
4. Identify what you’re able to change for the better.
A
lack of control at work, whether it has to do with your schedule, your
workload, your impact on decisions that affect you, or the conditions
you need to perform at your best, is inherently stressful and a prime
contributor to burnout. At the same time, prolonged stress and burnout
have a way of eroding any sense of control or autonomy you do have.
To interrupt this vicious cycle, make a list of the things you can
change, even to a small degree, and act on them. Perhaps you can
redistribute tasks among team members, ask for extended deadlines or
extra support, enforce boundaries around work hours, or adjust your
schedule in a way that best supports your well-being and performance.
Dwelling on what you can’t control will only increase your stress and
give your burnout more of an in, but acting on what you can change for
the better not only improves your situation, it restores your sense of
agency and autonomy.
5. Get by with a little help from your social connections.
It’s been well established that social support has a
buffering effect
against the negative effects of stress on our physical and mental
health. Likewise, having supportive relationships at work mitigates the
stress associated with job demands and decreases the risk of
burnout. Social connections increase our
resilience to stress and provide us with a support system that can help us navigate challenging situations and manage work-related stress.
Make
an effort to reach out to trusted colleagues to strengthen your
relationship and to exchange views and strategies about how you handle
stress. They may have tried tactics that you haven’t thought of.
6. Reconnect with your values.
Few
things are more stressful (and will lead to burnout more quickly) than
being expected to act in a way that is not in accordance with
your values.
Values conflicts are especially harmful because they cut to the core of
who we are, what we believe in, and often, what we deem right and
wrong.
And
it need not be a flagrant ethical violation — for example, being asked
to lie to cover up a superior’s mistake — to stress us out to the point
that we enter the distress zone. Sometimes, values conflicts occur
because we’re trying to please others or we feel the need to mold our
personalities to our company culture in order to fit in or excel. The
common core is that we are acting in a way that is in conflict with our
authentic selves, which is inherently stressful.
Ask
yourself, “What sacrifices am I making that are not in service to my
values?” and “How much longer am I willing to make these sacrifices?”
Identify the source of those conflicts and do whatever it takes to
remove them, and then remain connected to your own core values.
7. Seek professional help.
If
burnout has become your new normal and you don’t know how to get back
to a healthy baseline, you’ve reached a point where professional help
from an experienced therapist or coach may be your best way forward.
Leadership expert
Chris Bittinger
has found that executive coaching helps prevent burnout, even when
leaders are experiencing moderate to severe job-related stress. Besides
the ongoing social support it provides, coaching helps us develop
self-efficacy, improve our emotional intelligence, and enhance our
ability to problem-solve our way through stressors — all of which help
protect against burnout.
. . .
Pushing
back against the systemic forces that have nudged our collective
baseline closer to burnout will take the effort of many people working
together. But there are plenty of things each of us can do in our own
contexts to prevent our workplace stress from entering the danger zone
and to help create healthy workplaces where burnout can’t gain ground.
Was this article helpful? Connect with me.
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