When
you’re struggling with your mental health, getting through your workday
can feel a lot harder than usual. If your workload is making your
anxiety, depression, or other mental health difficulties worse, it’s not
always the quantity or type of work that’s the culprit. Sometimes it’s
that your workday isn’t structured in a way that suits your natural
rhythms or your mental health challenges.
Structuring
your workday well can help with a wide range of difficulties, from
depression and anxiety to ADHD and bipolar disorder. But there’s no
one-size-fits-all version of a mentally healthy workday. What’s right for
you will be based on self-knowledge, experimentation, and balancing
your needs with the needs of others.
How
can you figure out the best approach for you? First, I’ll describe some
specific strategies tied to particular mental health challenges; then
I’ll discuss mentally healthy time management in general.
Strategies for Specific Mental Health Challenges
Let’s start with some advice that may help people who deal with common mental health issues.
Anxiety and depression
Whether your
anxiety
or depression is chronic or short term, it can make you more likely to
avoid certain situations and prone to procrastination. For example, you
may find yourself feeling extra sensitive to any signs someone is not
happy with your work, but you may also avoid addressing it rather than
tackling it head-on. If this sounds like you, consider structuring your
days to make avoidance and
procrastination
more difficult. For example, create short deadlines for steps in a
project rather than one deadline for the whole thing. Or, have a set
time of day when you take at least one small step forward with a task
you’re avoiding. Making progress on tasks you’d prefer to avoid will
stop the stress from getting even worse.
ADHD
Many
mental health challenges cause people to struggle more with planning
and seeing the big picture. This is temporary in the case of problems
like depression, but more chronic with issues like
ADHD.
If you feel overwhelmed with planning, try to enlist the assistance of
others, when they’re willing. For example, ask a client to map out
deadlines for each stage of a project, or make planning with others a
consistent part of your schedule.
Bipolar disorder
Some folks with mood disorders, especially
bipolar disorder,
struggle a great deal when their rhythms are disrupted — for example,
if you’re asked to do shift work or to take an early-morning flight to a
conference. If you need a consistent schedule for your mental health,
consider asking your boss what adaptations are possible.
Any mental health condition
You’ll find many examples of the accommodations you can ask for in the United States by searching online or looking at the
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s website. Anyone with a mental health challenge of any sort should familiarize themselves with these options.
If you deal with a mental health condition regularly, look into the options available under the
Americans with Disabilities Act
sooner rather than later — and well before you’re in a crisis. Don’t
make the mistake of thinking your issue doesn’t warrant accommodations
if it objectively does. And note that different countries use different
terms for similar legislation. For example, the United States uses
“accommodations,” whereas the U.K. uses the phrase “reasonable
adjustments.”
If
you’re comfortable, talk to your manager about your condition and why a
particular accommodation would be useful to you. Your therapist can
help communicate only relevant information without excessive personal
details. For example, they could write a letter to your boss to ensure
you’re comfortable with what they are disclosing.
In
general, when you have a mental health difficulty, try not to be
constantly overchallenged, but don’t completely avoid challenges and
triggers either. For example, if you have
social anxiety,
then sprinkle activities that trigger your anxiety among activities you
feel confident with. (For me personally, this means working with people I
know well most of the time but working with new collaborators some of
the time.)
Strategies That Anyone Can Use
The
following steps can help anyone support their mental health at work,
whether they deal with a condition chronically, occasionally, or
somewhere in between. These strategies also work for people who have
subclinical problems (for example, a degree of anxiety but not enough to
have been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder) or people seeking to
increase their resilience against mental health difficulties or relapses.
If you have an active mental illness, including high-functioning
depression or anxiety, note that self-care and time management aren’t
substitutes for actual evidence-based treatments. The strategies
mentioned here are supportive; they are not treatments.
Build strong habits around deep work
Developing
strong habits around how you work — including how you do deep, focused
work — will help you feel in control of your life and schedule.
Why?
Consistent routines add structure to our days, boosting our sense of
control. Our brains get accustomed to performing sequences of behaviors
and eventually start to do these almost on autopilot. A common example
of how behaviors become automatic: Within a few months of learning to
drive, we all turn on our car, put on our seat belt, release the brake,
then look in our mirrors — without really thinking about it. The same
thing will happen with your productivity habits if you’re consistent
with when and where you do your job. If you do deep, focused work during
the same slot in your day, like 10 AM to noon, keeping up that habit
will become easier and more automatic over time, even on days when
you’re not at your best.
But
this will only happen if you’ve got well-established, consistent
habits. If you sometimes do your focused work at 10 AM, but other times
you try to do it at 1 PM, you won’t experience the full benefits of how
habits reduce your need for discipline.
Anyone
can benefit from this strategy, but particularly those who have episodic
mental health challenges, like depression, or those who go through
periods when their concentration is poor due to anxiety and rumination
or worry. If you have strong habits for when you focus on work, it’s
more likely you’ll get your work done. Keeping up your important habits
during stressful times can protect you against the risk of unraveling.
It can help you feel steady, stop your confidence from eroding, and
ensure you don’t have added stress from piles of undone work.
Create routines to do tasks without imminent deadlines
Tackling
tasks with imminent deadlines may feel intuitive and obvious, but if
all you’re getting done is what’s right in front of you, you’ll
generally feel a lack of control. When you accomplish important small
tasks that don’t have deadlines but that do need to get done, on the
other hand, you’ll feel like you’re managing your life well. Regularly
set aside time for these kinds of small administrative tasks. Whether
it’s getting back to a colleague about a collaboration that’s weeks away
or finally scheduling that appointment with the doctor or therapist,
admin tasks create a lot of mental drain. You think I should do that but don’t. And those thoughts keep recurring. To-dos that roll over from one day’s list to the next don’t feel good.
In my book Stress-Free Productivity,
I observed that I can do up to an hour of admin tasks before I start my
deep work, without disrupting how much deep work I get done. The reason
I focus on my admin tasks first is that if I attempt to get to them
after deep work, I’m too tired. And checking off at least one “life
admin” task (something not related to work) per day keeps them from
piling up and creating mental clutter and stress.
Your
work and your patterns of attacking it might be different from mine.
What’s important is that you observe your patterns and sequence tasks
accordingly. For example, say that realistically you’re only productive
for four days a week. Consider accepting that rather than fighting it. If
you notice that all you manage to do on Fridays is phone it in, see
what happens if you’re honest about it. Experiment with organizing your
schedule accordingly — get your must-dos done Monday to Thursday —
rather than criticizing yourself for the limitations of your focus and
discipline. Accepting our limitations can sometimes have a paradoxical
effect: Self-criticism takes up a lot of energy, so when we stop doing
it, we have more energy for more productive things.
Use an unfocused mind to get things done
A
huge part of why work can feel so overwhelming is the false idea that
we should be focused and undistracted all day. That’s not possible, and
not necessary or desirable, especially if you’re trying to do anything
innovative.
It’s
more realistic and mentally healthier to have a mind that’s alternately
focused and unfocused, because during our brains’ unfocused recovery
time we make creative connections without even trying to. For example,
you’ve probably had a brilliant idea for a project while taking a shower
or going for a
walk,
right? When we’re unfocused, pathways that felt murky while we were
concentrating can suddenly become clear. Problems we couldn’t solve from
up close up suddenly become simpler.
So
rather than trying to force your brain to do task after task, let it
relax and wander after you’ve been productive for a while. Personally, I
achieve this through a combination of walks, errands, chores around the
house, and entertainment (like reading a blog post in the middle of the
workday).
I
need to let my mind wander most after deep work sessions or when I’m
feeling overwhelmed by how to prioritize. If I take a walk when I’m
feeling mentally cluttered, my unfocused mind usually does my
prioritizing and organizing for me. If you’re stuck on an assignment and
aren’t sure what to do next, rather than stressing about it, let your
mind wander for a bit. That way you’ll be able to mull over ideas
without just staring at a blank page.
Unfocused
time can also be hugely helpful to people experiencing mental health
challenges at work. For example, someone with social anxiety needs
breathing space to recover from feedback or to adjust to the working
styles of new collaborators. Likewise, someone with depression needs
opportunities for small bites of pleasure, like a leisurely coffee in a
sunny spot, to bolster their mood.
Making
time to be unfocused should become a regular part of your habits. Maybe
you can do your deep work in the mornings and then treat your
afternoons as opportunities for serendipity and wandering. However you
do it, find ways to let your brain off the hook for a while each day. And
remember, the more you’re doing novel or innovative work, the more
you’ll need mental down-time to recover from the toll of it. Very
challenging work involves lots of mental and emotional fallout,
including disappointment, uncertainty, and frustration. If you expect
yourself to be firing on all cylinders at all times, you’ll shy away from
doing the types of novel and challenging work that require unfocused
recovery time.
What Managers Need to Know
If
you’re a manager, make sure you understand how the previous advice will
help your staff both feel better and do their work better, and
familiarize yourself with the types of accommodations that help people
with specific mental health challenges. You can do this by simply
searching online, talking to HR, or asking a psychologist to do an
education session for your workplace. With the latter option, explain to
the psychologist in advance how your workplace functions so they can
consider types of flexibility that won’t be excessively disruptive.
Learn
from your staff about what their difficulties are and what would help
them, and of course, never judge them negatively for their mental
health. A particular difficulty doesn’t say anything about their talent,
dedication, or their quality of work. Since people may be reluctant to
ask for accommodations, remind staff regularly that you’re open to
requests and that you welcome honest conversations about mental illness
and health. Be as creative as you can in making accommodations. Your job
is to bring out the best in your people, and you’ll do that by
supporting their mental health in the ways they request.
. . .
Structuring
your workday to support your mental health and structuring it to do
your best work don’t have to be at odds. Using the tips from this
article, you should see improvements in both your mental well-being and
your productivity.
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