This
is not exactly surprising. Although technology transfer offices in
universities often struggle to turn scientific patents into marketable
products, when it comes to addressing broader social issues,
universities can more fully leverage their considerable educational and
research capabilities and institutional strengths. At NYU, for example,
faculty come from all over the world to do research across 13 schools
and more than 90 research centers and institutes.
In 2023,
nearly 600 researchers received awards from external sources, such as
the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, and
other federal, city, and state funding agencies, as well as many
corporations and foundations.
The student body is highly diverse: at NYU overall,
no one ethnic group makes up more than 22% of the total number of students admitted to the class of 2023 and students come from
more than 130 countries.
They face a bewildering choice of career opportunities — from academia
and teaching to professions in law, engineering, or medicine to joining
large corporations or starting their own businesses. Universities are
also key players in their local communities, partnering with local
governments, other local universities, and local businesses on many
diverse research and teaching initiatives.
Their
capacity to leverage and (potentially) coordinate all these activities
makes universities a natural hub for learning and innovation ecosystems.
As a
2019 report published by the European University Association
points out: “Businesses and governments see the university and its
members as ideally suited to ‘connect the dots’ because they are
impartial, driven by curiosity and long-term perspectives, rather than
by commercial interests and short-term goals.”
But
connecting the dots doesn’t just happen, and it involves a lot more
than pulling together a diverse collection of partners to brainstorm
ideas. It requires carefully curating connections and relationships to
get ideas off the drawing board and into the marketplace. Here we draw
on the experiences of New York University and the Technical University
of Denmark to show how universities can progressively leverage their
resources, capabilities, and networks to foster innovation not only by
students and faculty, but also by actors in their broader communities.
This can be seen as a three-stage process, though the stages will
inevitably overlap:
Stage 1: Supporting student innovation
The
first way for universities to create social impact is through their
education mission, not only through traditional courses, but also by
providing an environment that supports students’ onward learning
journeys.
Innovation,
in particular, is a long and winding journey, with a lot of ups and
downs. Universities can support students on it by creating internal
initiatives and programs that offer experiential training and coaching
as well as connections to outside stakeholders like governmental
agencies, businesses, and investors. They not only provide connections
and resources, but they orchestrate them so that they provide customized
support for students at different moments in their innovation journey.
The experience of
We Are the New Farmers,
an indoor farming company that uses captured carbon to create
sustainable food products from microalgae, illustrates just what
universities can do to support their entrepreneurs. The original idea
was born from the meeting of three students in the
NYU MakerSpace back
in 2016, and it came to life when they tapped into the university’s
support ecosystem. They were able to move from idea exploration into
early prototyping by applying for a small grant to the
Prototyping Fund, a collaborative program provided by the
Design Lab @ NYU MakerSpace and
NYU Entrepreneurial Institute.
After producing a successful initial prototype, We Are the New Farmers
received an additional $1,500 to develop the prototype further.
During this second phase, one of the Prototyping Fund mentors suggested they apply for the
NYU Green grant, run by
NYU Office of Sustainability,
to build a hydroponic farm. The application was successful, and the
startup received $20,000, which they used to build the farm in the
MakerSpace basement. They also used part of the grant to attend
workshops and conferences and build their own network.
Two years later, in 2018, they participated in the
NYU Summer Launchpad,
a nine-week-long accelerator program run by the Entrepreneurial
Institute. The program offers the eight to 10 teams selected: one-on-one
mentorship from entrepreneurs and investors in New York City; training
in best practices and Lean Startup methodology; customer discovery;
legal and accounting services; and $10,000 in non-dilutive funding. At
the end of the Summer Launchpad, We Are the New Farmers was ready to
launch its startup, which had evolved beyond the original idea of the
vertical farm. From there they were able to secure funding from public
agencies like the
National Science Foundation and
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority as well as from private sources, including a fintech platform.
The
NYU Entrepreneurial Institute played a central role in guiding the
project’s development. Their approach is to use students’ ideas as a
means to teach them how to rigorously explore the business potential and
pathways for their idea. Through their engagement with the various
programs, students not only assess if their idea has any business
potential, but also if they have the drive to be a startup founder. They
also learn core startup business skills that they can then use in their
next idea or in their career.
Frank Rimalovski, founder and executive director of the Entrepreneurial Institute and managing director of the
NYU Innovation Venture Fund,
which invests in early-stage NYU startups, explained to us, “While
there is a lot of emphasis on innovation spaces and incubators, without
the purposeful training and coaching to explore and test those ideas,
even fewer of them will see the light of day.” Rimalovski adds, “In a
given year, we will see several hundred ideas pursued by our students,
about 150 of which will participate in our three-phased Startup
Accelerator Program. Of these, roughly 15 to 30 will come to fruition.
But 100% of them now have those startup skills.”
This brings us to the second stage of the university’s journey.
Stage 2: Engaging with the broader community
Universities
can leverage their experience in supporting student entrepreneurship by
contributing to and coordinating incubation hubs in partnership with
local governments. These initiatives are often targeted at developing
solutions to the social challenges their communities face.
Take, for instance, the
NYU Tandon Future Labs,
which connect innovators and entrepreneurs with students, researchers,
and faculty as well as businesses and local government. Future Labs were
part of then-mayor Michael Bloomberg’s response to the financial crisis
of 2007/2008.
The
aim of Future Labs was to trigger the development of entrepreneurship
culture in the city, and they started with the creation in 2009 of an
incubator located on Varick Street in Manhattan, a public-private
partnership between
New York City Economic Development Corporation and the
Polytechnic Institute of New York University,
the predecessor of today’s NYU Tandon School of Engineering. In the
same year, a cleantech-focused incubator called ACRE (Accelerating a
Clean and Resilient Economy) was established with support of the New
York State Energy Research and Development Authority and co-located with
the Varick Street incubator.
Over
time, other incubators were created, and they morphed into dedicated
Technology Acceleration and Commercialization Hubs supporting startups
in specific tech areas — e.g., AI and ML, big data (Data Future Lab),
cleantech, climate change, smart city technologies (Urban Future Lab),
and a technology-agnostic Veterans Future Lab that supports startups
founded or run by military veterans. In 2018, all the different
incubators co-located in a new home in NYU Tandon’s building at 370 Jay
Street in Brooklyn and formed the present Future Labs network. This move
triggered a level of collaboration between the Labs that was not
possible while they were geographically separated.
The
Labs primarily support startups between seed stage and series A (or
equivalent) funding, while still maintaining programs that support
early-stage tech ventures. They also organize seminars and events and
facilitate student internships and have faculty-in-residence working
with tenant companies. As of June 2023, more than 380 companies had
graduated, creating more than 3,200 jobs.
The
Labs have maintained strong ties to New York City and New York State,
long after the public seed funding ended, establishing a broad and deep
network of industry partners, many of which collaborate with Future Lab
startups on pilot projects and proof-of-concept studies. The Labs also
work closely with other innovation and entrepreneurship activities at
NYU and are an integral part of the NYC and NYS startup ecosystems. They
have established external advisory committees with representation from
various stakeholder groups. The members of the advisory committees play
an active role in helping shape the operation of the Future Labs and in
connecting the startups with external stakeholders.
Once it has the experience of a broader social engagement, a university can contemplate the third stage.
Stage 3: Orchestrating an inclusive ecosystem
Some
universities go beyond simply leveraging their networks to support
entrepreneurs on their innovation journeys and enriching the local
communities — they create and orchestrate complete innovation
ecosystems. To do so, they develop connections with multiple partners
that they carefully select (across different sectors), then nurture
meaningful long-term relationships that they can leverage to support
projects in the long run. Such an intentional and holistic approach
requires universities to step away from disciplinary silos and embrace a
culture of open innovation, experimentation, and iteration.
Take the case of the
Technical University of Denmark (DTU). The innovation ecosystem that
DTU’s Technology Transfer Office (part
of DTU’s Office for Research, Advice, and Innovation) has developed
over the last decade brings together established corporations, startups,
and public agencies, illustrating how effective universities like DTU,
which engages in more than 1,600 annual research collaborations each
year with corporate partners, can be in ecosystem orchestration. In 2021
alone, the DTU ecosystem commercialized 81 inventions, launched 74 new
startups, and entered into 1,173 research collaborations with outside
companies.
DTU’s
leadership made a choice back in 2013 to fundamentally change how
startups and spinoffs were viewed. At that time, there was a strong
grassroots initiative from the student body in the form of
DTU Stardust (the
student entrepreneurship organization), which convinced the university
president to bridge the grassroots demand and the innovation agenda from
the Technology Transfer Office to define its new mission. The
Technology Transfer Office took on the orchestrator role, spanning
boundaries between the different stakeholders to identify synergies
across their sometimes divergent interests.
In
the DTU ecosystem, the innovation process is not conceived as a linear
journey that goes from basic to applied research and then to
commercialization, but more as an iterative series of networked
exchanges with different actors, who intervene at different moments of
the innovation journey. One of the main actors is
DTU SkyLab,
an incubator that provides a space for pre- and early-stage startups to
grow by providing access to soft funding, prototyping facilities, and,
most importantly, ongoing mentoring from the DTU innovation team and
business mentors, available not only to students and faculty but also to
all would-be entrepreneurs. DTU and its external partners in business
and government have also established a
Science Park, which supports deep tech and life science companies and startups, a hardware incubator called
Danish Tech Challenge, and a venture fund called
PreSeed Ventures. All these actors and more provide resources for entrepreneurs in the DTU ecosystem to access resources and expertise.
Christopher
James Lüscher, commercialization manager at DTU’s Technology Transfer
Office, who was involved in the creation of the DTU ecosystem, explained
to us that the current (2020–25) five-year strategy for the university
is targeted at making technology work for people. One of the three main
pillars of this strategy is sustainability, which requires them to
address and find solutions for some of the more complex and difficult
challenges society is currently facing. The speed required by these
challenges forces them to align their research with key industrial
players. As he told us: “This purposeful close collaboration with the
backbone of not only [the] Danish but [also the] EU economy allows for
[socially] relevant innovation, which drives most of our work at the
TTO.”
. . .
While
calls for cross-sector collaborations to tackle complex societal issues
abound, in practice, only few succeed. Those that do often have a
collaboration intermediary, which can bring together different actors,
develop relationships among collaborators, and bring together a diverse
set of resources and create a community to support ideas over time. With
their strengths in knowledge creation and their role as community
anchors, universities are ideally equipped to create and orchestrate
support for the kind of innovation that the sustainability imperative
requires. However, to be able to take on this role they need to develop a
culture of open innovation, experimentation and iteration, and value,
which requires supporting teams that will champion the change and
facilitate collaborations among the diverse actors of the innovation
ecosystem.
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