Bitcoin Billionaire Saylor Will Settle D.C. Tax Suit For $40 Million - Sun and Planets Spirituality AYINRIN
Michael Saylor and his company, MicroStrategy, will pay $40 million to settle a lawsuit alleging violations of the city’s False Claims Act and tax laws. It’s been called “the largest income tax recovery in District history.”
Michael Saylor on stage during a bitcoin conference on May 19, 2023 in Miami Beach, Florida.
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The Attorney General for the District of Columbia, Brian L. Schwalb, has announced a settlement with billionaire Michael Saylor
and MicroStrategy, Inc., the company he founded and ran as CEO until
August 2022, when he moved into the chairman's role. As part of the
settlement, Saylor and MicroStrategy will pay $40 million to resolve a
lawsuit alleging that they violated the District's False Claims Act and
tax laws.
Schwalb called the settlement "the largest income tax recovery in District history."
The
lawsuit, the first of its kind under the amended D.C. False Claims Act
(FCA), alleged that for decades Saylor falsely claimed to live in
lower-tax Virginia and Florida to avoid paying the income taxes he would
owe to the District of Columbia as a city resident.
Forbes estimates
that Saylor, 59, is currently worth $4.8 billion, thanks to his
personal holdings of bitcoin and his ownership of stock in
MicroStrategy, which has invested heavily in the cryptocurrency. In
October 2020, he disclosed he had personally bought 17,732 bitcoins for
$175 million.
False Claims Act
The
FCA imposes liability on those who commit one of a laundry list of
violations, including violations of the tax law. It's also a
whistleblower law, meaning that individuals who file claims alleging
wrongdoing are eligible for an award between 15-25% of any money the
city recovers. Typically, for there to be a recovery, the Office of the
Attorney General (OAG) must agree to investigate and intervene in the
matter—that's what happened here. (But a whistleblower can also proceed
without the OAG, and if they're successful, would be entitled to 25-30%
of the amount recovered.)
As
with federal tax whistleblowing statutes, there are limits—for
tax-related claims to be successful, the District taxable income,
District sales, or District revenue related to the action must be $1
million or more for any taxable year, and the harm to the District must
be $350,000 or more.
Notably,
the FCA also provides whistleblower protections, which are meant to
allow claimants to come forward without fear of reprisal.
Before
2020, the District followed the Procurement Practices Act of 1985 with
respect to false claim liability. The law was expanded to include
specific references to taxation and increase the reward for informants
who report tax fraud—that might have been the impetus for the Saylor
filing.
(You can read the text of the statute here.)
Background
In
2021, whistleblowers filed a lawsuit against Saylor, alleging that he
had failed to pay income taxes he owed to the District of Columbia from
2014 through 2020.
The
OAG opted to intervene and filed its own complaint against Saylor and
MicroStrategy. In that lawsuit, the OAG alleged that Saylor lived in the
District but avoided paying more than $25 million in District income
taxes by pretending to be a resident of Virginia, which has a lower
individual income tax rate and Florida, which has no individual state
income tax. Building on the original whistleblower lawsuit, the District
also sought to recover taxes that they claim Saylor failed to pay for
previous tax years, as well as interest and penalties.
And,
the complaint had a twist—it didn't just seek damages from Saylor. The
OAG alleged that Saylor used his company, MicroStrategy, to create and
issue false information, including the wrong address on Saylor's Forms
W-2 and other records, which is why MicroStrategy was also a defendant.
Parties
In
its amended complaint, the District referred to Saylor as "a highly
educated, sophisticated businessman," noting that he founded
MicroStrategy, a publicly traded business analytics and technology
company. For over 20 years, Saylor served as MicroStrategy's Chairman
and Chief Executive Officer.
The
amended complaint further says that Saylor established MicroStrategy's
corporate headquarters in Tysons Corner, Virginia, in the 1990s and
moved his residence to Northern Virginia. Then, the prosecution alleges,
"[a]fter making a fortune in the initial public offering of
MicroStrategy's stock in 1998, Defendant Saylor relocated his residence
to the District's Georgetown neighborhood and established the District
as his domicile."
Allegations
The
OAG alleged that by 2005, Saylor had moved into a penthouse apartment
on the Georgetown waterfront at 3030 K Street N.W. Over the next few
years, Saylor spent millions on three luxury condominium units, and in
2011, he combined the three properties into a single 7,000-square-foot
residence he now calls "Trigate." According to the complaint, the budget
for custom woodworking alone exceeded $5 million.
While
the renovations were ongoing, the OAG claims, Saylor continued to live
in D.C., often staying aboard one of his yachts, which he kept on the
Georgetown waterfront during the day and anchored in the Potomac River
at night. He also purchased the penthouse unit at the Eden Condominiums
in D.C.'s trendy Adams Morgan neighborhood while he waited for the
Trigate construction to be completed.
The
complaint included numerous social media posts about the renovations,
including this one from September 2012, in which Saylor referred to his
"future home."
Screenshot from OAG complaint showing post shared by Michael Saylor on Facebook.
Kelly PHILLIPS ERBHe referred to the area as his home again in an October 2012 post.
Screenshot from OAG complaint showing post shared by Michael Saylor on Facebook.
Kelly PHILLIPS ERBThe renovations on his residence were finished in 2014.
The
OAG alleged that while Saylor actually lived in D.C.—and was saying as
much in these social media posts—he was filing taxes as a resident of
Virginia. Then, in 2012, Saylor claimed to be a resident of Florida.
Florida
has no personal income tax, while Virginia has a progressive personal
income tax rate beginning at 2% and topping out at 5.75%. In contrast,
the District of Columbia has a graduated personal income tax, with rates
ranging from 4% to 10.75%.
Individual
states—and the District of Columbia—may handle tax residency
differently. Tax treatment can also vary depending on your domicile. For
income tax reasons, residency is your physical location and domicile is
where you intend to remain. That means that you can sometimes be a
resident of two (or more) states, but you can only have one domicile at a
time. You can also have a temporary residency, whereas your domicile is
more permanent.
(In
my home state of Pennsylvania, we like to say that your residence is
where you live whereas your domicile is where you plan to die.)
While
your intent matters when it comes to domicile, some states—and the
District of Columbia—often have a simple statutory formula for
residency. Most states will consider you a resident for income tax
purposes if you spend 183 days or more in that state.
With
that in mind, the OAG maintained that Saylor resided in D.C. for enough
days (183) in those years to make him a resident—and that MicroStrategy
knew this for at least some of the time. The company kept detailed
Excel spreadsheets during this period, recording Saylor's physical
location daily from 2015 through 2020, which were provided to the OAG.
Those
logs, said the OAG, show that Saylor spent most days of each year
physically present in D.C. Specifically, the logs show that Saylor was
present in the District 313 days in 2015, 240 days in 2016, 199 days in
2017, and 231 days each in 2018 2019. In 2020, the logs showed that
Saylor spent 86 days in his Florida house, and "at least 183 days in the
greater D.C., Maryland, and Virginia area."
According
to the complaint, MicroStrategy began tracking Saylor's physical
location in at least 2012, and metadata from the Excel logs suggests
that the company may have started tracking Saylor's physical location
well before that—since 2006.
That
means, the OAG says, that since at least 2014, MicroStrategy knew that
Saylor was a resident of D.C. and required to pay income tax to the
District. Nonetheless, the OAG alleged that the company didn't
appropriately withhold or report the correct amounts for Saylor's
District income taxes.
Responses
Saylor
and MicroStrategy have consistently maintained in court filings that he
did nothing wrong. Saylor was represented by a team of lawyers,
including Gibson Dunn's Eugene Scalia—Solicitor of Labor under President
George W. Bush and Secretary of Labor under then-President Donald Trump
administration, and son of the late Supreme Court Justice Antonin
Scalia. Through his attorneys, Saylor issued a statement, saying, "As I
stated at the time this case began, in 2012 I moved to Florida and made
Miami Beach my home. Florida remains my home today, and I continue to
dispute the allegation that I was ever a resident of the District of
Columbia. I have agreed to settle this matter to avoid the continued
burdens of the litigation on friends, family, and myself."
That's
consistent with the agreement's language, wherein Saylor and
MicroStrategy deny that they have violated the District's tax laws or
the FCA. Instead, the agreement says, "the Parties wish to avoid the
time, expense, and inconvenience of any further litigation, and to
resolve any and all disputes and potential legal claims" related to the
charges.
As
a condition of the agreement, Saylor must comply with the District's
tax laws and agrees to file an income tax return with and pay income
taxes to the District of Columbia in any current or future tax year
where Saylor owns or rents a residence in the District of Columbia and
is physically present in the District of Columbia for at least 183 days
of that year.
MicroStrategy issued a statement to Forbes
saying, “As we said at the time this suit was filed, this was a
personal tax matter involving Mr. Saylor. MicroStrategy was not
responsible for his day-to-day affairs and did not oversee his
individual tax responsibilities. We are pleased this matter is now being
resolved. MicroStrategy has not made, and will not be obligated to
make, a financial contribution to the settlement.”
On the day the settlement was announced, MicroStrategy filed
a Form 8K with the Securities & Exchange Commission, noting, in
part, “Pursuant to a separate agreement between Mr. Saylor and the
Company, and following the court’s entry of the Consent Order, Mr.
Saylor will pay this settlement amount to the District in full and the
Company will not be obligated to make any contribution to the settlement
payment.”
Shares of the company were up 3.33% midday, trading at $1,681.61 on the NASDAQ.
The
OAG released a statement from Schwalb, saying, in part, "Tax cheats are
freeloading off the backs of hardworking, law-abiding, tax paying
District residents while depriving our city of resources needed for
critical programs, including public safety, infrastructure, and
education."
He
continued, "Michael Saylor and his company, MicroStrategy, defrauded
the District and all of its residents for years. Indeed, Saylor openly
bragged about his tax-evasion scheme, encouraging his friends to follow
his example, and contending that anyone who paid taxes to the District
was stupid. This precedent-setting settlement makes clear that no one in
the District of Columbia, no matter how wealthy or powerful they may
be, is above the law."
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