In
the current era of constant, seemingly unrelenting digital disruption,
the pace of change has dramatically accelerated, often becoming far more
exponential than linear. Across a spectrum of sectors, wholly new
competition (think Airbnb, Netflix, Shein, Temu, OpenAI) has leveraged
ever more powerful computers, machine learning, new ways to connect
buyers and suppliers, and other emergent technology that is reshaping
the landscape, thereby creating and capturing entirely new sources of
value. Many brands that moved far more cautiously, or that are currently
slow-walking their transformation efforts, have dramatically increased
their risk of irrelevance — or even set themselves on a path to
extinction.
Rishad Tobaccowala, the former chief digital officer of Publicis Group and author of Restoring the Soul of Business,
has posited that across the past three decades we have cycled through
three “Connected Ages” that changed how we connect and do business —
from e-commerce to smart devices to 5G, VR, the cloud, and AI. And we
have scarcely begun to experience the transformative impacts of
generative AI.
We
now live in a world of abundant choice, access, and information where
buying friction (obstacles that slow down, complicate, or make a
customer’s path to purchase more expensive) continues to erode or
evaporate. Companies that used to be able to get by with merely
serviceable products no longer have that luxury — as evidenced by the
upending of the traditional taxi business by the likes of Uber, Lyft,
and Grab. Good enough is simply not good enough. And thinking that a
strategy of offering a slightly better version of what we’ve always done
— what I once heard referred to as “infinite incrementalism”— in the
face of these profound shifts only exposes us to a greater likelihood of
failure.
Faced
with constant and accelerating change, doing what we’ve always done but
just a little bit better may feel safe, but it is often the riskiest
path we could possibly choose.
The Innovator’s (New) Dilemma
The
notion that incumbent organizations underestimate the risk from
disruptive technologies and insurgent competition is hardly new. Clayton
Christensen first pointed this out in his 1997 classic
The Innovator’s Dilemma.
With the pace of change quickening and intensifying, today’s
innovator’s dilemma is far more vexing, and the failure to address it
often far more dire.
Despite evidence that most transformations fail —
McKinsey pegs the rate at 70% — it’s not as if most executives aren’t keenly aware of their ongoing struggles.
A 2021 McKinsey study
found that more than 80% of executives say innovation is among their
organization’s top three priorities, yet less than 10% say they are
satisfied with their company’s performance.
- 65% of the CEOs surveyed indicated that their companies faced a high level of disruption
- 56% foresee significant disruption in the next year alone
- 61% say their organizations are not adapting fast enough to stay ahead of disruption
- 78% believe it is increasingly challenging to know which disruptive forces to prioritize
At the heart of this new innovator’s dilemma is often a whole lot of awareness, but not nearly enough bold forward action.
The Curse of the Timid Retail Transformation
The
gap between what the market demands and what we deliver when we choose a
slow and steady pace of innovation will grow ever wider if we fail to
keep pace with the speed of disruption. And once a sizable gap emerges,
it often becomes impossible to catch up to those competitors that aimed
higher, moved faster, and acted more boldly.
Nowhere
is this more obvious than in retail, where I have spent most of my four
decades long career as a senior executive, consultant, and strategic
advisor. As just one example of many, once-dominant department stores
have hemorrhaged market share to so-called off-the-mall competition like
off-price retailers (TJMaxx, HomeGoods, Ross Stores, et al), beauty
specialty brands (Ulta, Sephora), Amazon, and others, and the threat of
ultra-fast fashion continues to mount.
While
these shifts have been in play for more than 20 years, Macy’s,
JCPenney, Nordstrom, and other chains have largely engaged recently in
what could at best be labeled “a timid transformation,” largely
defending the status quo of their mostly mall-based real estate, often
breathlessly extolling various and sundry new initiatives, while also
closing hundreds of stores and cycling through many rounds of cost
reductions.
Not
only have these conservative choices failed to stem their relative
market share declines, but the value migration to insurgent competitors
has been remarkable. Despite only selling beauty products — which
represent
only about 20%
of most department stores’ revenues — as of this writing, Ulta’s market
capitalization is now greater than the top five North America
department stores combined, per my calculation. TJX (owner of TJMaxx,
Marshall’s, HomeGoods, and other off-price concepts) has seen its stock
price double in the past five years, whereas the leading department
stores’ have collectively declined significantly. Both Ulta and TJX were
willing to redefine the legacy department store value proposition by
focusing their offerings on a more narrow set of target customers and
products, while simultaneously shunning the traditional view that these
products need to be sold in big box stores located in regional malls.
The Opposite is Risky
I
often ask clients: “If the world has changed so much, why have you
changed so little?” Their answers are often complicated, but much of it
has to do with a reluctance to confront our fears and fully appreciate
the growing risks from our unwillingness to take bold action. As a
species we’re not all that great at making sense of our fear.
Evolutionary biology has hard-wired us to be persistently on guard in
what you probably know as the fight, flight, or freeze response — super
helpful when we’re being attacked by a bear, but not as much in letting
go of the things that no longer serve us or that might actually slowly
kill us.
If
we return to the retail industry, it’s easy to see that at the heart of
Bed, Bath & Beyond’s, Blockbuster’s, and Borders’ demises was their
failure to see that defending the status quo was ultimately the
riskiest strategy of all. These are just once-dominant retailers whose
names begin with “B.” The list of retailers that failed to transform for
a new era and are now in peril is long and, sadly, growing.
If
we’re going to close the gap between the mostly incremental trajectory
so many of us find ourselves on and avoid falling into the trap of the
timid transformation, we must fundamentally rethink our relationship to
risk. We must come to see, to quantify more fully, and to acknowledge
the potentially enormous cost of our inaction. We must understand the
roots of the fear that keeps us stuck. We must embrace the beauty of
imperfection and accept, as Seth Godin reminds us, “that if failure is
not an option, then neither is success.”
We
also must put in place practices that can help us accelerate progress
in an increasingly volatile and uncertain world. Among these is
cultivating a culture of experimentation and finding ways to “shrink the
change” — that is, breaking complex and seemingly overwhelming
initiatives into a series of more manageable pieces. This allows us to
recalibrate our efforts at each milestone and decide whether to stop,
re-assess, pivot, or step on the gas.
When
we accept that safe is often the riskiest strategy of all, we see that
in the face of accelerating disruption often the only choice that has
any chance of success is to aim far higher in the value we deliver to
customers, to move much faster, and to act boldly.
This
doesn’t mean being reckless or engaging in an endless series of
moonshots. Nor does it always align with the popular Silicon Valley
mantra of “move fast and break things.” As Graham Green famously said,
“destruction is a form of creation.” And often we do need to blow up the
old to enable something novel and powerful to emerge. But it can be
just as valuable to move fast and fix things, so long as the value we
deliver to our customers is sufficiently remarkable. Your mileage may
vary, but I’d hurry if I were you.
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