Best Places To Retire In 2024: Las Cruces And Other Unexpected Hot Spots - Sun and Planets Spirituality AYINRIN.
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Barry and Susan Mendelson raised their two children in a century-old three-story, six-bedroom Prairie-style home near Lake Michigan in Milwaukee, Wisc. They knew they wanted to move someplace warmer and cheaper for retirement. But it took them six years of looking and planning before they settled, this past March, into a newly built four-bedroom single-story home about 1,500 miles to the southwest in Las Cruces, N.M., with grand views of the rugged Organ Mountains. “We wanted to be thoughtful about it,” says Barry, 74, who now works from home as CEO of Capital Market Consultants Inc., a firm he founded that provides investment research and asset management to financial advisors. Susan, 66, completely retired this year from her job as the senior director of donor relations at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. They reckon their lifestyle in the Mesilla Valley of the Chihuahuan Desert 50 miles north of El Paso, Texas, is at least 20% cheaper than it was in Milwaukee, with big savings on utility costs and real estate taxes. After selling their Milwaukee spread for more than $1 million, they could have easily bought their new Las Cruces home without a mortgage, but took out a small one to free up cash for contingencies.
Married
for 35 years, the Mendelsons had no problem leaving behind in Milwaukee
two grown children, ages 33 and 32. “We raised them to lead independent
lives,” Barry says. Plus, their home is just a 50-minute drive from the
El Paso, Texas, airport. There are no non-stop flights to Milwaukee,
and the fastest travel time with a connection is more than five hours.
No problem, shrugs Barry: “When we go, we’ll stay a week.”
This
year, an estimated 4.1 million Baby Boomers in the U.S. will turn 65,
the traditional retirement age, although most folks retire earlier or
later. About one-tenth of new retirees relocate to another state for any
number of reasons—climate, proximity to family, a better place to feed their passion
for the arts or sailing or golf. But a major impetus for long distance
moves is economics, as manifested by the cost of housing and living as
well as state taxes.
To that end, Forbes
presents the 25 Best Places to Retire In 2024, our annual list focused
on high quality retirement living at an affordable price. Housing costs
are a prime consideration, since the median price of single-family homes
nationwide has risen to $394,000, up 47% since the start of 2020,
according to the National Association of Realtors. That, and our
continuing screens for such factors as natural hazard risks, primary
care doctor availability and crime, means that our list includes some
lesser known—but very inviting—places.
For
example, Las Cruces, a town of 116,000 on our list for the first time
in a decade, has a median home price of just $284,000. That’s 28% under
the national median, and 51% below the median of $579,000 in arts mecca
Santa Fe, N.M., 285 miles to the north. Sunny Spokane, Wash., on the
list for its third straight year, has a median house price of $386,000,
less than half the median of $879,000 in Seattle, 280 miles to the west,
which is a great place to retire if you don’t mind lots of rainy days
and have loads of money. (Both Santa Fe and Seattle are on our separate
list of 25 Best Places To Enjoy Your Retirement, which, unlike this list, doesn’t treat high costs as disqualifying.)
Notably,
sunny Pensacola, a city of 53,000 with a median house price of just
$262,000, is our only pick in retirement-magnet Florida. Why? We ruled
out other Sunshine State locales for having too high hurricane risks or
home prices (or, in the case of The Villages, which made the list last
year, too few doctors as well as high prices). Reflecting recent storm
destruction and skyrocketing property insurance premiums, some
retirement transplants to Florida are now reportedly packing up and relocating again.
All
but two of our 25 picks have home prices below the national median;
Charlotte, N.C., at $399,000, and Virginia Beach, Va., at $398,000, are
both 1% above. The cheapest locale, Augusta, Ga., has a median home
price of just $172,000, 56% below the national median.
Originally
from the Midwest, Barry and Susan Mendelson considered and ruled out a
number of places in their retirement search. They thought the Pacific
Northwest around Seattle was too wet and cloudy and the Mid-Atlantic
region too muggy and hot for too many months. Florida had the climate
change issue. They like a change of seasons, which weighed against most
of Arizona, although they thought about Tucson (which is also on our
list).
Las
Cruces gradually gained favor with them thanks to its dry climate, high
desert scenery, outdoors stuff to do and the diversity of its Native
American and Latino cultures. In their search, the Mendelsons kept an
eye on economics. Frankly, New Mexico’s state tax policies are not the
greatest for retirees (although the same could be said for Wisconsin).
The marginal state income tax in New Mexico is 5.9% for most couples,
and the state is one of 11 that doesn’t completely exempt Social
Security benefits. But Las Cruces’ cost of living is 16% below the
national average. Barry says any added tax burden in Las Cruces is a
fraction of what they paid in Milwaukee for property taxes and utilities
on a far larger, energy-inefficient house. During their search, they
combined kick-the-tire visits (for work or pleasure) with lots of online
research. It was through Internet searching they found their real
estate agent, Steve Barrett (no relation to this writer). A Las Cruces
high school graduate, Barrett, 69, graduated from West Point and had a
20-year military career during which he lived around the U.S. and the
world, before retiring in 1996, and returning to Las Cruces for a second
career in real estate. He expects to retire in Las Cruces himself—some
day.
All
told, our new list includes places from 19 states in all four domestic
time zones and, for the first time, Puerto Rico, which is a U.S.
commonwealth. (The choice there is Dorado, on the island’s north shore.)
Georgia has three picks, while Arizona, Pennsylvania and Virginia each
have two.
The
distribution is relatively divided between colder and warmer climates.
In fact, the northernmost choice, Fargo, N.D. is the only city on the
list for all 14 years of its existence. Pittsburgh, which also has
frosty winters, is another of our perennial favorites—on the list for 11
of 14 years and for the seventh year in a row, despite its
above-average crime rate. The Steel City remains one of the most
affordable cities on the East Coast, with an abundance of universities
providing cultural and learning opportunities and first-rate medical
care.
Besides
costs and taxes, our selection process takes into account such metrics
as prospects for the local economy, air quality, serious crime and the
availability of primary care doctors, as well as whether a place
encourages an active lifestyle by making biking or walking convenient.
More than a third of our picks are college towns, including Las Cruces
(home of New Mexico State University). They tend to punch above their
size in amenities, including lifelong learning, culture and dining—all
at an affordable cost.
The 25 best places are listed in alphabetical order. Our full methodology is described below the list.
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SeanPavonePhoto/getty images
Athens, Georgia
Traditional college town (University of Georgia) of 130,000, 70 miles east of Atlanta. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price $320,000, 19% below national median. Agreeable climate, good
air quality. Big culture scene, big-time college athletics. Good
retiree tax climate. Social Security plus up to $65,000 per person of
retirement income exempt from state income tax. No state estate tax.
Cons: Serious crime rate above national average. Not very walkable.
Alexander Ließ/getty images
Augusta, Georgia
Bucolic Savannah River city of 202,000, 145 miles east of Atlanta, known for hosting the Masters golf tournament. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price $172,000, 56% below national median. High doctors-per-capita
rate, good air quality, comfortable climate. Flat state income tax of
5.49% after $18,000 standard deduction for couple, exempts Social
Security plus up to $65,000 per person of retirement income. No state
estate tax.
Cons: Not very walkable or bikeable. Serious crime rate slightly above national average. So-so economy.
Alex Potemkin/Getty Images
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Revived
former steel town of 80,000 in Lehigh Valley, 75 miles north of
Philadelphia and 85 miles west of New York City, home to Lehigh
University and Moravian College. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price of $322,000, 18% below national median. Above-average number
of primary care physicians per capita. Good air quality. Low serious
crime rate. Good retiree tax climate. State income tax is a flat rate of
3.07%, but most retirement income and all Social Security benefits are
exempt from the tax.
Cons: Cold winters. State inheritance tax hits the entire estate and all heirs, other than a spouse.
espiegle/Getty Images
Charlotte, North Carolina
Bubbling banking and business center of 920,000 in the Piedmont Plateau center of the Carolinas. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price $399,000, just 1% above national median. Good climate and
air quality. High primary care doctors-per-capita rate. Strong economy.
No state income tax on Social Security. No estate or inheritance tax.
Cons: Serious crime rate above national average. Not very walkable or bikeable.
Sean Pavone/Getty Images
Columbia, Missouri
College town (University of Missouri, Stephens College, Columbia College) of 142,000, midway between St. Louis and Kansas City. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price $292,000, 26% below national median. High ratio of primary
care doctors per capita. Good air quality. Somewhat bikeable. Top state
income tax rate, which covers most filers, just lowered to 4.80% with
new complete exemption for Social Security benefits.
Cons: Serious crime rate above national average. Not very walkable.
Serious crime rate above national average. Not very walkable.
Javier Art Photography/Getty Images
Dorado, Puerto Rico
Lively
Atlantic Ocean city of 36,000 with great beaches and golfing, 20 miles
west of San Juan. on north coast of Puerto Rico, a U.S. commonwealth. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price $375,000, 5% below national U.S. median. High ratio of
primary care doctors per capita. Good air quality. Serious crime rate
below U.S. average. Somewhat walkable and bikeable. Good retiree tax
climate. Commonwealth income tax can be taken as dollar-for-dollar
credit on U.S. federal income tax returns. No commonwealth tax on Social
Security.
Cons: Commonwealth estate tax. Lack of Spanish language proficiency can be hindrance.
F-M
DenisTangneyJr/GettyImages
Fargo, North Dakota
North Dakota's largest city, population 137,000, adjoining Minnesota on the Red River of the North. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price of $291,000, 26% below national median. High number of
primary care doctors per capita. Good air quality. Very bikeable,
somewhat walkable. State income tax tops out at 2.50% for couples with
taxable income above $74,750, after federal standard deduction.
Cons: Cold winters. Serious crime rate above national average. State income tax on Social Security benefits.
zimmytws/Getty Images
Greenville, South Carolina
Blue Ridge Mountains foothill city of 74,000 in South Carolina's Upstate region, midway between Atlanta and Charlotte. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price $307,000, 22% below national median. High number of primary
care doctors per capita. Good climate, somewhat walkable and bikeable.
No state estate tax or tax on Social Security benefits.
Cons:
Serious crime rate above national average. While dropping, state income
tax rate is still a relatively high 6.4% for couples with taxable
income above $17,330, after federal standard deduction.
CityDenisTangneyJr/Getty Images
Iowa City, Iowa
Famous college town (University of Iowa) of 77,000 persons in southeastern Iowa. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price $285,000, 28% below national median. Very high ratio of
primary care physicians per capita. Good air quality. Comfortable
climate. Very bikeable, somewhat walkable. Low serious crime rate.
Cons: Cold winters. So-so retiree state tax climate (but no state income tax on Social Security or other retirement income).
halbergman/getty images
Las Cruces, New Mexico
Sunny,
high-Chihuahuan Desert college town (New Mexico State University) of
116,000, 45 miles north of El Paso and the Mexican border. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price $284,000, 28% below national median. Dry climate (but very
warm in summer), decent air quality, somewhat bikeable.
Cons: Serious crime rate above national average. So-so retiree tax climate, with a marginal state income tax rate of 5.9% for most couples, and no complete exemption for Social Security.
redtea/Getty Images
Lawrence, Kansas
Classic college town (University of Kansas) of 96,000, 40 miles west of Kansas City. View Full Profile
Pros:
Median home price $302,000, 23% below national median. Excellent ratio
of primary care physicians per capita. Very bikeable, somewhat walkable.
Relatively low natural hazard risk.
Cons: Serious
crime rate above national average. State income tax tops out at 5.70%
for a couple with taxable income above $60,000 and can hit Social
Security benefits, depending on overall income.
Kirkikis/Getty Images
Lexington, Kentucky
Central Kentucky college town (University of Kentucky, Transylvania University) of 323,000. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price of $298,000, 24% below national median. Excellent ratio of
primary care physicians per capita. Good air quality. Low serious crime
rate. Flat state income tax of 4.0%, with exemptions for Social
Security, plus up to $31,100 per person of retirement-type income
Cons: State inheritance tax, although money left to close relatives is exempt. So-so economy. Not that walkable.
Ultima Gaina/Getty Images
Lincoln, Nebraska
State capital and college town (University of Nebraska) of 298,000, 50 miles southwest of Omaha. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price of $276,000, 30% below national median. Adequate primary
care doctors per capita. Very bikeable, somewhat walkable. Serious crime
rate at national average.
Cons: State
income tax hits Social Security benefits. State inheritance tax hits
anything over $40,000 left to relatives other than spouse.
N-R
dszc/Getty Images
New Braunfels, Texas
Two-river town of 118,000, on the edge of the scenic Texas Hill Country between San Antonio and Austin. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price of $359,000, 9% below national median. Low serious crime
rate. Adequate number of primary care physicians per capita. No state
income, estate or inheritance tax.
Cons: Not very bikeable or walkable.
Art Wager/Getty Images
Pensacola, Florida
Sunny Florida Panhandle city of 53,000, along northern Gulf of Mexico. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price $262,000, 34% below national average. Good air quality. Good
climate. Somewhat bikeable. No state income, estate or inheritance tax.
Con: Serious crime rate slightly above national average.
Shunyu Fan/Getty Images
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Western Pennsylvania city of 303,000, laced with rivers and colleges. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price of $227,000, 42% below national median. Excellent ratio of
primary care doctors per capita. Very bikeable and walkable. State has
flat 3.07% income tax that excludes Social Security benefits and most
retirement income.
Cons: State
inheritance tax hits the whole estate and all heirs, other than a
spouse. Serious crime rate somewhat above national average.
DenisTangneyJr/Getty Images
Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Pretty Berkshire Mountains city of 43,000, 135 miles west of Boston and 40 miles southeast of Albany, N.Y. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price $283,000, 28% below national median. High ratio of primary
care physicians per capita. Good air quality. Somewhat walkable and
bikeable. Long acclaimed for a big culture scene, mainly during summer.
Cons: Serious
crime rate above national average. State taxes estates above $2 million
(raised this year from $1 million). State income tax is 5% for most
couples, with Social Security excluded, but there is a new millionaire’s
surtax of 4% that includes capital gains from sale of house.
insta kenya/Getty Images
Roanoke, Virginia
Scenic Blue Ridge Mountains city of 100,000, 240 miles southwest of Washington, D.C. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price $257,000, 35% below national median. High number of primary
care doctors per capita. Good air quality. Comfortably mild climate.
Somewhat walkable and bikeable. No state tax on Social Security, estates
or inheritance.
Con: Serious crime rate above national average.
Davel5957/Getty Images
Rochester, Minnesota
Home of famed Mayo Clinic and 124,000 people, 85 miles southeast of Minneapolis. View Full Profile
Pros:
Median home price of $320,000, 19% below national median. Outstanding
ratio of primary care doctors per capita. Low serious crime rate. Very
bikeable.
Cons: Cold
winters. State taxes Social Security as part of a progressive state
income tax, which hits 9.85% for income above $321,450 for a couple.
S-Z
DenisTangneyJr/Getty Images
Savannah, Georgia
Gracious
river city of 164,000, known for its preserved architecture and
historic city squares, 30 miles inland from the Atlantic Ocean. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price of $316,000, 20% below national median. Comfortable climate,
mild winters. Good air quality. Good ratio of primary care physicians
per capita. State income tax is a flat rate of 5.49% after $18,000
standard deduction for a couple, with Social Security plus up to $65,000 per person of other retirement income exempt. No state estate tax.
Cons: Relatively high (but not very high) natural hazard risk rating from FEMA.
Jacob Boomsma/Getty Images
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
South Dakota’s largest city and scenic river town of 214,000, 240 miles southwest of Minneapolis. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price $322,000, 18% below national median. Excellent ratio of
physicians per capita. No state income, estate or inheritance tax.
Cons: Serious crime rate above national average. Not very walkable.
Kirk Fisher/Getty Images
Spokane, Washington
Appealing river city of 231,000, 280 miles east of Seattle. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price of $386,000, 3% below national median. Good ratio of primary
care physicians per capita. Very bikeable, pretty walkable. No state
income tax (although there’s a 7% “excise tax” on investment gains above
$250,000).
Cons: Serious crime rate above national average. State estate tax
dszc/Getty Images
Tucson, Arizona
Bustling sunny Sonoran Desert city of 552,000 with major college (University of Arizona), 65 miles north of Mexican border. View Full Profile
Pros:
Median home price $329,000, 17% below national median. High number of
primary care doctors per capita. Very bikeable, somewhat walkable. Flat
state income tax of 2.5%, with Social Security exempt and no state
estate or inheritance tax.
Cons: Serious crime rate above national average. Poor air quality.
Kyle Little/Getty Images
Virginia Beach, Virginia
State’s
largest city, with a population of 452,000 and a resort feel, on the
Atlantic Ocean at mouth of Chesapeake Bay, 200 miles south of
Washington, D.C. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price $398,000, just 1% above national median. Good air quality,
comfortable climate. Somewhat bikeable. Very low serious crime rate.
State income tax rate tops out at 5.75% for couples with taxable income
above $17,000, but no state tax on Social Security. No estate or
inheritance tax.
Con: Not very walkable.
DenisTangneyJr/Getty Images
Yuma, Arizona
Dry, extremely sunny desert and Colorado River city of 101,000, 170 miles east of San Diego near Mexican border. View Full Profile
Pros: Median
home price $290,000, 26% below national median. Good air quality, very
bikeable. Adequate number of primary care doctors per capita. Good
economy. Flat state income tax of 2.5%, with Social Security exempt and
no state estate or inheritance tax.
Cons: Serious crime rate somewhat above national average. Not very walkable.
2024 METHODOLOGY
We
compiled data on more than 800 places with populations above 10,000, in
every state, the District of Columbia and, for the first time, Puerto
Rico. The main factors we took into account involve money, including
median home prices and overall cost of living, both compared to national
measures. Also reviewed are state taxes, including marginal tax rates,
income tax exemptions for Social Security benefits and other retirement
income, and the existence of state estate or inheritance taxes. On the
theory that a good local economy helps retirees looking for part-time
work or later selling a home, we incorporate job and economic growth
prospects using the Milken Institute’s latest “Best Performing Cities”
report. Quality of life is also important, so we look at a number of
non-economic indicators, ruling out cities with far too high rates of
serious violent crime compared to national averages or way too few
primary care doctors per capita. We also take into consideration factors
that promote an active retirement, including air quality and ratings
for walkability (how easy it is to shop and get to places on foot) and
bikeability (whether dedicated lanes and other measures make it easy to
bike around town). While the data underlying the list is quantitative,
our final picks are qualitative, reflecting our judgment.
For the fifth year, we weigh each area’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disaster risk, primarily using the FEMA National Risk Index for Natural Hazards,
which calculates for every county, including municipalities in Puerto
Rico, a vulnerability measure embracing 18 natural hazards, including
flooding, hurricanes, landslides, earthquakes and wind. We automatically
exclude places assigned a “very high” risk rating.
Our
full write-up for each of our picks includes extra information points
that don’t influence our final choices. These include elevation above
sea level and county-wide results in the 2020 presidential election.
Sources
for our data include: the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics,
FEMA, the Tax Foundation, the Milken Institute, individual state tax
departments, zillow.com, trulia.com, bestplaces.net,
neighborhoodscout.com, the National Association of Realtors,
countyhealthrankings.org, walkscore.com and the League of American
Bicyclists.
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